The Stability Dilemma and Solutions of Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is a key player in maintaining human energy metabolism and is widely used in the fields of food additives, health supplements, and pharmaceuticals. However, this vital nutrient is notoriously "troublesome" in industrial production—its unique molecular structure makes it highly susceptible to degradation from external environmental factors, leading to frequent issues of non-compliance with content standards and excessive impurities in finished products. This has become a core challenge plaguing manufacturers.
The source of instability: unique chemical structure
Vitamin B1 consists of a pyrimidine ring and a thiazole ring connected by a methylene bridge. The molecule contains two key reactive groups: the amino group on the thiazole ring and the hydroxyl group on the pyrimidine ring. These two groups act as "weak links" and are highly prone to hydrolysis, oxidation, or rearrangement reactions when exposed to moisture, temperature changes, or chemicals.
Challenges in the Entire Production Chain Caused by Instability
In actual production, the stability of vitamin B1 is tested at every stage, from raw material pretreatment to finished product packaging. During raw material storage, contact with oxidants (such as vitamin C, citric acid) or metal ions (such as iron, copper) can trigger redox reactions, leading to a decline in effective content. In the formulation production process, the selection of excipients has also become a critical factor affecting stability. Some fillers contain trace amounts of moisture, which can slowly release water and react with vitamin B1, while certain binders may form complexes with vitamin B1, affecting its recovery rate during testing. Additionally, the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the sterilization process can become the "last straw," leading to non-compliance with national standards for vitamin B1 content in the finished product.
How to Solve the Stability Challenge
In terms of production environment control, companies commonly use constant temperature and humidity workshops (temperature 20-25°C, humidity 45-55%) andand vacuum or nitrogen-filled packaging for raw materials and finished products to isolate moisture and oxygen. The selection and optimization of excipients is another crucial breakthrough. The industry now predominantly uses anhydrous excipients (such as anhydrous lactose, microcrystalline cellulose) and adds stabilizers to inhibit oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. In terms of formulation processes, the application of technologies like low-temperature granulation and fluidized bed drying has effectively reduced thermal damage during production. The upgrading of detection technology has also provided support for stability control. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with its advantages of high separation efficiency and detection accuracy, has replaced the traditional ultraviolet spectrophotometry as the mainstream method for vitamin B1 detection.